تحلیل مسیر تحول رویکردهای ترکیبی تحلیل پوششی دادهها و یادگیری ماشین در تصمیمگیری دادهمحور
چکیده
هدف: تحلیل پوششی دادهها یکی از روشهای مهم ارزیابی کارایی و عملکرد است، اما در مواجهه با دادههای بزرگ، روابط غیرخطی، دادههای پرت و پیشبینی عملکرد واحدهای جدید با محدودیتهایی روبهرو است. همزمان، یادگیری ماشین با قابلیت کشف الگوهای پنهان، مدلسازی روابط پیچیده و پیشبینی عملکرد، ظرفیت بالایی برای تکمیل قابلیتهای تحلیل پوششی دادهها دارد. با وجود رشد سریع مطالعات ترکیبی در این حوزه، شناخت ساختار دانشی، روندهای موضوعی و شکافهای پژوهشی آن هنوز نیازمند بررسی نظاممند است. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل روند تحول، ساختار علمی و جهتگیریهای آینده رویکردهای ترکیبی تحلیل پوششی دادهها و یادگیری ماشین انجام شد.
روششناسی پژوهش: این پژوهش با رویکرد مرور نظاممند ادبیات و تحلیل کتابسنجی انجام شده است. جامعه پژوهش شامل مقالات منتشرشده در پایگاهScopus در بازه زمانی 1996 تا 2026 بود که در آنها تحلیل پوششی دادهها با روشهای یادگیری ماشین مانند شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی، خوشهبندی، ماشین بردار پشتیبان، نزدیکترین همسایه و قواعد انجمنی ترکیب شده است. پس از اجرای راهبرد جستوجو، غربالگری منابع بر اساس چارچوب PRISMA انجام شد و در نهایت 582 مقاله برای تحلیل انتخاب گردید. تحلیل روند انتشار، همرخدادی واژگان کلیدی، شبکه همنویسندگی و خوشههای موضوعی با استفاده از نرمافزار VOSviewer انجام شد.
یافتهها: تحلیل واژگان کلیدی نشان داد مفاهیمی مانند کارایی، ارزیابی عملکرد، الگوبرداری، دادهکاوی، خوشهبندی، ماشین بردار پشتیبان، شبکههای عصبی و پیشبینی بیشترین ارتباط را با این حوزه دارند. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد این رویکردهای ترکیبی عمدتاً برای پیشبینی امتیازهای کارایی، مدیریت دادههای بزرگ، شناسایی مجموعههای مرجع، مدلسازی روابط غیرخطی و بهبود قدرت تفکیک مدلهای سنتی تحلیل پوششی دادهها بهکار رفتهاند. تحلیل همنویسندگی نیز بیانگر آن بود که همکاریهای علمی در این حوزه بیشتر بهصورت خوشهای و درونگروهی شکل گرفته و هنوز ظرفیت زیادی برای توسعه همکاریهای بینالمللی و بینخوشهای وجود دارد.
اصالت/ارزش افزوده علمی: این پژوهش با ارائه تصویری ساختاریافته از ادبیات ترکیبی تحلیل پوششی دادهها و یادگیری ماشین، مسیر گذار تحلیل پوششی دادهها از یک ابزار ارزیابی گذشتهنگر به یک چارچوب هوشمند، پیشبین و تصمیمیار را نشان میدهد. ارزش افزوده مطالعه در شناسایی روندهای روششناختی، حوزههای کاربردی نوظهور و شکافهای همکاری علمی در این حوزه است. نتایج پژوهش میتواند برای پژوهشگران، تحلیلگران عملکرد و مدیران دادهمحور در طراحی مدلهای پیشرفته ارزیابی کارایی، پیشبینی عملکرد و تصمیمگیری در محیطهای پیچیده، پویا و دادهمحور راهگشا باشد.
کلمات کلیدی:
تحلیل پوششی دادهها، یادگیری ماشین، تحلیل کتابسنجی، کارایی، تحلیل دادهمراجع
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